OPTIMIZACIÓN PROCESOS DE FLOCULACIÓN YSEDIMENTACIÓN CON UN DISEÑO FACTORIAL TRATANDO UN AGUA DE EMBALSE
Palabras clave:
Turbiedad, Floculación, Gradiente de velocidad, Diseño factorialResumen
La planta de tratamiento de agua potable (PTAP) de la ciudad de Tunja, Boyacá trata agua proveniente de la represa de teatinos usando coagulación, floculación, sedimentación, filtración y desinfección. Sin embargo, las características fisicoquímicas de esta agua, hacen difícil su tratamiento dado a su baja alcalinidad (4 – 6 mg/L como CaCO3) y su relativo bajo pH (5.7 – 6.3). El objetivo de esta investigación fue el de hacer una optimización de los procesos de floculación y de sedimentación a escala de laboratorio usando un ensayo convencional de jarras, con la ayuda de un diseño facto- rial para mejorar la remoción de turbiedad. El diseño factorial permitió evaluar tres diferentes gradientes de velocidad (G) en floculación o mezcla lenta (10, 50 y 100 s-1), tres diferentes tiempos de floculación (TF) (10, 15 y 20 minutos) y tres diferentes tiempos de sedimentación (TS) (20, 30 y 40 minutos) observando su impacto sobre la remoción de turbiedad en la prueba de jarras. De acuerdo con los resultados de este estudio, las condiciones óptimas de operación encontradas fueron: (G= 100 s-1, TF = 20 minutos y TS = 20 minutos), con las cuales se logró obtener una turbiedad residual de 0.75 UNT, correspondiente a un 79% de remoción. Aplicando una superficie de respuesta se pudo predecir valores de turbiedades finales de hasta 0.20 UNT en la jarra. usando parámetros operacionales de (G=78 s-1, TF= 23 minutos y TS = 30 minutos), respectivamente.
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